30

Pueblo

War Shield, ca. early 19th Century

buffalo hide, natural pigments
21 3/8 x 21 1/8 x 1 3/8 in. (54.3 x 53.7 x 3.5 cm.)

  • Provenance:
    J.S. (Jesus Sito) Candelario, Santa Fe, NM, acquired before 1938
    John S. Candelario, Santa Fe, NM, by descent from the above
    Arthur Gould, acquired from the above circa 1955
    Private Collection, by descent from the above

    Notes:
    Likely created prior to 1850, this shield exemplifies the rich artistic and cultural traditions of the Pueblo people. The concave, buffalo-hide shield features intricate painted depictions, including two yellow serpents, a mountain lion with an arched tail, and what is believed to represent a coyote. Such imagery reflects the broader Pueblo artistic convention of incorporating powerful animals as protective symbols, used to evoke aid in battle or to signal tribal identity. The concentric circles of black and yellow, accented by a narrow red band and the yellow hemispherical sun between two black incurving horns, imbue the shield with both aesthetic and mystical significance.

    This work was in the collection of J.S. (Jesus Sito) Candelario prior to his death in 1938 and subsequently passed by descent to his grandson, John Candelario. An influential figure in Santa Fe, John Candelario was known for his work as a cinematographer, photographer, and collector of Native American art and artifacts. His family operated the iconic Old Curio Store (later renamed the Original Old Curio Store) which was opened by his grandfather Jesus Sito in 1902. The store became a popular stop for tourists which helped establish Santa Fe as a hub of the American Southwest.

    The work appears in the 1955 film "Indian Artists of the Southwest," directed by Arthur Gould and produced by John Candelario, which won the American Film Festival's Golden Reel Award. In the film, the shield is depicted atop a burning pile of hay. Gould, appreciating the shield's importance, convinced Candelario to allow the scene to be simulated with special effects rather than let the shield to be destroyed. Candelario gifted the shield to Gould at the conclusion of the project.

    The shield retains several functional details, such as a thong-tied hand loop, neck sling, a central hole likely meant for attaching a feather, and peripheral holes for additional adornments. Notably, examination under blacklight reveals no signs of recent repainting, suggesting its current form has been preserved since entering the collection of J.S. Candelario prior to 1938. There are faint remnants of older layers of paint which suggest it was repainted at earlier points, in keeping with Pueblo practices of renewing shield designs as they faded or passed to new owners.

    References:
    Wright, Barton. "Pueblo Shields from the Fred Harvey Fine Arts Collection." Northland Press, 1976.

    Gould, Arthur, director, and John S. Candelario, producer. "Indian Artists of the Southwest." 1955. John Candelario Collection, film, audio, and other materials, New Mexico History Museum Palace of the Governors Photo Archives, Santa Fe, NM. Identifier: HP.1997.39-MNM.1997.570.392. Accessed November 13, 2024.
  • Condition: Examined under blacklight. This item appears to have no recent repaint.

    The condition reports for the lots offered by Santa Fe Art Auction (SFAA) are provided as a courtesy and convenience for potential buyers. The reports are not intended to nor do they substitute for physical examination by a buyer or the buyer's advisors. The condition reports are prepared by SFAA staff members who are not art conservators or restorers, nor do they possess the qualifications needed for comprehensive evaluation. Each condition report is an opinion of the staff member and should not be treated as a statement of fact. The absence of a condition report does not imply anything as to the condition of a particular lot. Buyers are reminded that the limited warranties are set forth in the Terms and Conditions of Sale and do not extend to condition. Each lot is sold as-is.

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February 5, 2025 10:00 AM MST
Santa Fe, NM, US

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